What is the most common cause of hirsutism and menstrual irregularity in women under 50?

Polycystic ovaries, often associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), is recognized as the most prevalent cause of hirsutism and menstrual irregularities in women under 50 years of age. This condition leads to hormonal imbalances, particularly elevated levels of androgens, which can result in increased hair growth in areas typically affected by male-pattern hair growth, along with irregular menstrual cycles or amenorrhea.

Furthermore, PCOS can manifest with additional metabolic issues such as insulin resistance, obesity, and acne, all of which are linked to the hormonal disruptions associated with the syndrome. The combination of these symptoms makes it a leading diagnosis among women experiencing hirsutism and menstrual irregularities.

Other conditions like hypothyroidism, Cushing's syndrome, and ovarian cancer may cause similar symptoms, but they are less common in this demographic. Hypothyroidism usually leads to a more generalized slowing of bodily functions and does not primarily result in hirsutism as a main symptom. Cushing's syndrome can lead to hirsutism but is rarer and often presents with more systemic symptoms due to excess cortisol. Ovarian cancer is also an unlikely cause of hirsutism and typically does not present