What is the primary function of a step down transformer?

The primary function of a step-down transformer is to decrease the voltage of alternating current. This type of transformer achieves this by using a configuration of coils, where the number of turns of wire in the primary coil (the input side) is greater than the number of turns in the secondary coil (the output side).

When alternating current passes through the primary coil, it generates a magnetic field that induces a voltage in the secondary coil. Because there are fewer turns in the secondary coil, the output voltage is lower than the input voltage, resulting in a step-down effect. This is crucial in applications where lower voltages are needed for safe operation of devices or to meet specific electrical standards.

In practical use, step-down transformers are commonly employed in power distribution systems to reduce high transmission voltages to safer levels for residential and commercial use. This ensures that electrical appliances can operate effectively without the risk of damage that could occur from higher voltages.